Successful performance in elite football does not usually show itself until the early 20s due to unpredictable factors during a player’s development, particularly the effect that the growth spurt (puberty) will have on them physically and psychologically (although there have been some prodigies to prove the exception (e.g. Wayne Rooney or Michael Owen). However, it is believed that if ‘windows of opportunity’ during development are missed, then an individual may never regain those potential gains and realise his or her optimal or genetic potential. It is thought that this ‘golden age of learning’ exists somewhere between the ages of 5 and 12 depending on who you listen to. So even if a player is not showing signs of fulfilling potential in their teens then they still need to build this basic foundation during this supposed critical period if they are to blossom at a later stage. This would point to the necessity of the players being in the right coaching environment at least during these formative years (quality and quantity).
无论您是否订阅了10,000小时的专业规则(K Anders爱立信),也很清楚“自然人才”单独(即纯粹通过遗传因素治理的性能,不必要地管理)不足以达到任何领域的精英地位。“当努力工作时,当人才不起作用时努力努力努力”的旧格言持有非常真实。因此,遗传和环境因素的融合,与健康的运气相结合似乎是最终的决定因素。
有些关于运气的理论:
已经尝试量化了将成功的精英员(原型)与被归类为子或非精英分开的东西。
精英玩家在内部因素中表现出更高的性能:
后来发展内外因素:
如上所述,单独的基因不制作球员。需要适当的培训来实现最大的继承的潜力(例如,由肌肉纤维类型控制的速度),以及开发了所获得的适应性的组件(例如,ABCS - 敏捷,平衡和协调)
一些基于家庭的变量与高水平的参与有关:
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